字符串处理函数
1.返回字符串的长度
str.length => integer
2.判断字符串中是否包含另一个串
str.include? other_str => true or false
"hello".include? "lo" #=> true
"hello".include? "ol" #=> false
"hello".include? ?h #=> true
3.字符串插入:
str.insert(index,other_str) => str
"abcd".insert(0,'X') #=> "Xabcd"
"abcd".insert(3,'X') #=> "abcXd"
"abcd".insert(4,'X') #=> "abcdX"
"abcd".insert(-3,'X')
-3,'X') #=> "abXcd"
"abcd".insert(-1,'X') #=> "abcdX"
4.字符串分隔,默认分隔符为空格
str.split(pattern=$;,[limit]) => anArray
" now's the time".split #=> ["now's","the","time"]
"1,2.34,56,7".split(%r{,s*}) #=> ["1","2.34","56","7"]
"hello".split(//) #=> ["h","e","l","o"]
"hello".split(//,3) #=> ["h","llo"]
"hi mom".split(%r{s*}) #=> ["h","i","m","o","m"]
"mellow yellow".split("ello") #=> ["m","w y","w"]
"1,2,3,4,".split(',') #=> ["1","2","","3","4"]
"1,',4) #=> ["1","3,"]
5.字符串替换
str.gsub(pattern,replacement) => new_str
str.gsub(pattern) {|match| block } => new_str
"hello".gsub(/[aeiou]/,'*') #=> "h*ll*" #将元音替换成*号
"hello".gsub(/([aeiou])/,'<1>') #=> "h<e>ll<o>" #将元音加上尖括号,1表示保留原有字符???
"hello".gsub(/./) {|s| s[0].to_s + ' '} #=> "104 101 108 108 111 "
字符串替换二:
str.replace(other_str) => str
s = "hello" #=> "hello"
s.replace "world" #=> "world"
6.字符串删除:
str.delete([other_str]+) => new_str
"hello".delete "l","lo" #=> "heo"
"hello".delete "lo" #=> "he"
"hello".delete "aeiou","^e" #=> "hell"
"hello".delete "ej-m" #=> "ho"
7.去掉前和后的空格
str.lstrip => new_str
" hello ".lstrip #=> "hello "
"hello".lstrip #=> "hello"
8.字符串匹配
str.match(pattern) => matchdata or nil
9.字符串反转
str.reverse => new_str
"stressed".reverse #=> "desserts"
10.去掉重复的字符
str.squeeze([other_str]*) => new_str
"yellow moon".squeeze #=> "yelow mon" #默认去掉串中所有重复的字符
" now is the".squeeze(" ") #=> " now is the" #去掉串中重复的空格
"putters shoot balls".squeeze("m-z") #=> "puters shot balls" #去掉指定范围内的重复字符
11.转化成数字
str.to_i=> str
"12345".to_i #=> 12345
chomp和chop的区别:
chomp:去掉字符串末尾的n或r
chop:去掉字符串末尾的最后一个字符,不管是nr还是普通字符
"hello".chomp #=> "hello"
"hellon".chomp #=> "hello"
"hellorn".chomp #=> "hello"
"hellonr".chomp #=> "hellon"
"hellor".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello".chomp("llo") #=> "he"
"stringrn".chop #=> "string"
"stringnr".chop #=> "stringn"
"stringn".chop #=> "string"
"string".chop #=> "strin"